Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Sago Waste (Metroxylon sagu) with ZnCl2 Activation and HNO3 Modification

  • Yanti Kiding Allo Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Cenderawasih Jayapura, Indonesia
  • Sudarmono Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Cenderawasih Jayapura, Indonesia
  • Octolia Togibasa Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Cenderawasih Jayapura, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1335-9683
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.48
Keywords: sago waste, activated carbon, ZnCl2 activation, HNO3 surface modification

Abstract

Previous researches have shown that activated carbon could be made from various raw materials which contain lignocellulose. The aims of this research were to synthesis and characterize the activated carbon obtained from lignocellulose contained in sago waste. The synthesis was conducted through multiple stages of dehydration, carbonization, silica extraction with NaOH, activation by ZnCl2 10%, and surface modification using HNO3 65%, successively. From X-ray fluorescence, it was confirmed that treatment with NaOH removed practically all silica content from the sample with only 1 wt% left. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the samples have amorphous structures before the modification and started to form exfoliated graphite crystals, as shown by the peaks at 2θ 30.27° and 35.10°. The significant result was obtained from the series of processes of carbonization, extraction, activation, and modification using 1.5 mL of HNO3 (CEA 1.5), which produced nanoporous particles with regular homogeneous shapes in the range of 200 nm in size as shown by scanning electron images. Finally, the infrared spectra from activated and modified samples confirmed that the oxygen-containing groups had increased.

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From the series of processes of carbonization, extraction, activation with ZnCl2, and modification using 1.5 mL of HNO3 of lignocellulose contained in sago waste, it provides the modified-activated carbon samples with XRD pattern (left) for exfoliated graphite crystals. Moreover, SEM image (right) for this sample shows nanoporous particles with regular homogeneous shapes in the range of 200 nm in size.
Published
2019-08-31
How to Cite
Allo, Y. K., Sudarmono, & Togibasa, O. (2019). Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Sago Waste (Metroxylon sagu) with ZnCl2 Activation and HNO3 Modification. Journal of the Indonesian Chemical Society, 2(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.48
Issue
Vol 2 No 1 (2019): JICS, 31 August 2019 (pp 1-65)
Section
Full Paper

Copyright (c) 2019 Yanti Kiding Allo, Sudarmono, Octolia Togibasa

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