Conversion of Bioethanol to Diethyl Ether Catalyzed by Sulfuric Acid and Zeolite
Abstract
Ethoxy ethane, or diethyl ether, has been successfully synthesized through the condensation reaction of bioethanol produced from fruit waste fermentation using acid-activated H-Zeolite, H2SO4/H-Zeolite, and H2SO4 as catalysts. Zeolite activation was carried out using the acidification method with 1 M, 2 M, 4 M, and 6 M H2SO4 for 24 hours. Activated zeolites were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and NaOH titration. The condensation reaction of bioethanol was carried out by catalysis of H2SO4/H-Zeolite with various concentrations of 1 M, 2 M, 4 M, and 6 M and catalyzed by 2 M, 4 M, and 6 M acid-activated H-Zeolite. The condensation reaction process was carried out with a ratio of bioethanol to catalyst of 2:1 (w/w) using the fractional distillation method. Ethoxy ethane resulting from the condensation reaction was characterized using a GC instrument.
Downloads
References
M. Parsaee, M.K.D. Kiani, and K. Karimi, A Review of Biogas Production from Sugarcane Vinasse, Biomass Bioenerg., 2019, 122, 117–125, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.01.034.
A. C. Wilkie, K. J. Riedesel, and J. M. Owens, Stillage Characterization and Anaerobic Treatment of Ethanol Stillage from Conventional and Cellulosic Feedstocks, Biomass Bioenerg., 2000, 19(2), 63–102, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(00)00017-9.
V. Robles-González, J. Galíndez-Mayer, N. Rinderknecht-Seijas, and H. M. PoggiVaraldo, Treatment of Mezcal Vinasses: A Review, J. Biotechnol., 2012, 157(4), 524–546, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.09.006.
F. Zaccheria, N. Scotti, and N. Ravasio, Solid Acids for the Reaction of Bioderived Alcohols into Ethers for Fuel Applications, Catalysts, 2019, 9, 172–193, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9020172.
I. Schifter, U. González, L. Díaz, C. González-Macías, and I. Mejía-Centeno, Experimental and Vehicle (on road) Test Investigations of Spark-ignited Engine Performance and Emissions using High Concentration of MTBE as Oxygenated Additive, Fuel, 2017, 187, 276–284, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.09.044.
S. Golay, L. Kiwi-Minsker, R. Doepper, and A., Renken, Influence of the Catalyst Acid/Base Properties on the Catalityc Ethanol Dehidration Under Study State and Dynamic Condition, In Situ Surface and Gas Fase Analysis, Chem. Eng. Sci., 1999, 54, 3593–3598.
J. Haber, K. Pamin, L. Matachowsky, B. Napruszewska, and J. Poltowicz, Potassium and Silver Salts of Tongstophosporic Acid as Catalysts in Dehidration of Ethanon and Hydration of Ethylene, J. Catal, 2002, 207, 296–306, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.2002.3514.
T. Zaki, Catalytic Dehydration of Ethanol using Transition Metal Oxide Catalyst, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2005, 284, 606–613, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.10.048
S. S. Vieiraa, I. Graça, A. Fernandes, J. M. F. M. Lopes, M. F. Ribeiro, and Z. M. Magriotis, Influence of Calcination Temperature on Catalytic, Acid and Textural Properties of SO42−/La2O3/HZSM-5 Type Catalysts for Biodiesel Production by Esterification, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 2018, 270, 189–199, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.10.048
Y. Arryanto, Elusidasi Struktur Material Anorganik dengan Infra-Red Spektroskopi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 2011.
M. Sakizci and L. O. Tanriverdi, Influence of Acid and Heavy Metal Cation Exchange Treatments on Methane Adsorption Properties of Mordenite, Turk. J. Chem., 2015, 39, 970–983, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3906/kim-1501-71.
W. Trisunaryanti, Optimasi Waktu dan Rasio Katalis/Umpan pada Proses Perengkahan Katalitik Fraksi Sampah Plastik Menjadi Fraksi Bensin Menggunakan Katalis Cr/Zeolit Alam, Indones. J. Chem., 2002, 2(1), 30–40, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21930.

Copyright (c) 2020 Wahyu Fajar Winata, Karna Wijaya, Suheryanto, Ady Mara, Widi Kurniawati

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The manuscript will be made open access under the term of the Creative-Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the contribution is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.